TIME CORE

exoplanets

Confirmed Exoplanets

Exoplanets

Confirmed worlds beyond Sol — each one a distinct temporal frame governed by a different star's pulse. Data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive, ESO and Kepler/TESS confirmations.

14 planets · 11 host stars

Kepler Mission

NASA Kepler / K2 confirmations
Kepler-22b
Kepler-22 · G5V · 638 ly
Year
289.86 d
Orbit
0.8490 AU
Mass
9.10 M⊕
Radius
2.40 R⊕
Temp
262 K
Discovered
2011
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

First confirmed planet in a Sun-like star's habitable zone.

Kepler-186f
Kepler-186 · M1V · 561 ly
Year
129.94 d
Orbit
0.4320 AU
Mass
1.40 M⊕
Radius
1.17 R⊕
Temp
188 K
Discovered
2014
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

First Earth-sized planet found in another star's habitable zone.

Kepler-452b
Kepler-452 · G2V · 1,402 ly
Year
1.05 yr
Orbit
1.0460 AU
Mass
5.00 M⊕
Radius
1.63 R⊕
Temp
265 K
Discovered
2015
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

"Earth's older cousin" — orbits a 6 Gyr Sun analogue at near-1 AU.

Kepler-442b
Kepler-442 · K0V · 1,206 ly
Year
112.31 d
Orbit
0.4090 AU
Mass
2.34 M⊕
Radius
1.34 R⊕
Temp
233 K
Discovered
2015
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

One of the most Earth-similar terrestrial worlds known (ESI 0.84).

TRAPPIST-1 System

Seven worlds around an ultracool dwarf
TRAPPIST-1e
TRAPPIST-1 · M8V · 40.7 ly
Year
6.10 d
Orbit
0.0290 AU
Mass
0.69 M⊕
Radius
0.92 R⊕
Temp
251 K
Discovered
2017
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

Most Earth-like of seven temperate worlds around an ultracool dwarf.

TRAPPIST-1f
TRAPPIST-1 · M8V · 40.7 ly
Year
9.21 d
Orbit
0.0380 AU
Mass
1.04 M⊕
Radius
1.05 R⊕
Temp
219 K
Discovered
2017
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

Habitable-zone candidate — JWST follow-up ongoing for atmosphere.

TRAPPIST-1g
TRAPPIST-1 · M8V · 40.7 ly
Year
12.35 d
Orbit
0.0470 AU
Mass
1.32 M⊕
Radius
1.13 R⊕
Temp
199 K
Discovered
2017
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

Largest of the TRAPPIST-1 worlds — possibly water-rich.

Proxima Centauri

Closest stellar system to Sol
Proxima Centauri b
Proxima Centauri · M5.5V · 4.244 ly
Year
11.19 d
Orbit
0.0485 AU
Mass
1.07 M⊕
Radius
1.08 R⊕
Temp
234 K
Discovered
2016
Method
Radial velocity
Habitable Zone
Yes

Closest known exoplanet to Sol — orbits the nearest star to the Sun.

Proxima Centauri c
Proxima Centauri · M5.5V · 4.244 ly
Year
5.28 yr
Orbit
1.4890 AU
Mass
7.00 M⊕
Radius
1.50 R⊕
Temp
39 K
Discovered
2019
Method
Radial velocity
Habitable Zone
No

Cold super-Earth on a 5.3 yr orbit — frozen frontier of the Centauri system.

Super-Earths

Rocky worlds beyond Earth's mass
GJ 1214 b
GJ 1214 · M4.5V · 47.5 ly
Year
1.58 d
Orbit
0.0148 AU
Mass
6.55 M⊕
Radius
2.74 R⊕
Temp
596 K
Discovered
2009
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
No

Steamy mini-Neptune with thick water-rich atmosphere.

LHS 1140 b
LHS 1140 · M4.5V · 48.9 ly
Year
24.74 d
Orbit
0.0936 AU
Mass
6.38 M⊕
Radius
1.43 R⊕
Temp
235 K
Discovered
2017
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

Dense, rocky super-Earth in habitable zone — high-priority JWST target.

K2-18 b
K2-18 · M2.5V · 124 ly
Year
32.94 d
Orbit
0.1429 AU
Mass
8.63 M⊕
Radius
2.61 R⊕
Temp
265 K
Discovered
2015
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
Yes

JWST detected dimethyl sulfide — possible Hycean ocean world.

Hot Jupiters

Gas giants on tight orbits
51 Pegasi b
51 Pegasi · G2.5IVa · 50.1 ly
Year
4.23 d
Orbit
0.0527 AU
Mass
0.46 Mj
Radius
Temp
1284 K
Discovered
1995
Method
Radial velocity
Habitable Zone
No

First exoplanet confirmed around a Sun-like star — Bellerophon.

HD 209458 b
HD 209458 · G0V · 159 ly
Year
3.52 d
Orbit
0.0473 AU
Mass
0.69 Mj
Radius
Temp
1130 K
Discovered
1999
Method
Transit
Habitable Zone
No

Osiris — first transiting exoplanet, first detected atmosphere.